What is a sentence?
A group words that contains a subject and a verb and expresses a complete thought.
A sentence begins with a capital letter and ends with a period.
Components of a sentence:
Subject
Predicate
Object
Sentence Structure
Simple Sentence
Compound Sentence
Complex Sentence
Compound-Complex Sentence
Examples of sentences:
He is a student.
It is a hot today.
He looks exhausted.
Are you hungry?
Who's there?
Hurry!
The man bought a new car.
Does your brother live with you?
Where did you buy hat?
Don't be late.
Examples of Non sentences:
Is very athletic.
The baby sleepy.
The man bought.
When I finish my education.
Simple Sentence
Sentence that has one subject-verb pair.
The subject tells who or what did something. It is a noun or pronoun.
Examples:
The taxi hit the child. (What hit the child? -the taxi)
Soccer and tennis are my favorite sports? (What are my favorites? -soccer and tennis)
My roommate lost his keys. (Who lost his keys? -my roommate)
Predicate:
Describe what the subject is or does.
Ex:
She added.
She added methanol to the solution.
Object:
The object receives the action verb. It is a noun or pronoun.
To find an object, make a question by putting what after an action verb. (Note: This method for finding objects doesn't work with linking verbs because linking verbs do not have objects.
The taxi hit the child. (Hit what? -the child. The child is the an object)
My roommate lost his keys. (Lost what? -his keys. His keys is an object)
His girlfriend found them. (Found what? -them. Them is an object)
Not all sentences have objects:
My family lives in a two- bedroom apartment. (Lives what? -not possible. This sentence has no object)
The sun is shining today. (Is shining what? -not possible. This sentence has no object
The fish didn’t smell fresh. (Didn’t smell what? -not possible.
This sentence has no object.
Linking Verbs:
Link the subject with the rest of the sentence.
Linking verbs do not have objects.
The most common linking verbs are be, become, look, feel, seem, smell, sound, and taste.
Compound Sentence
A compound sentence is two simple sentences connected by a comma and a coordinating conjunction.
This is the basic formula for a compound sentence:
Simple sentence + COORDINATING CONJUNCTION + simple sentence
Here are 2 important points to know about compound sentences:
A comma and a coordinating conjunction connect the two halves of a compound sentence.
There are 7 coordinating conjunctions in English: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, and so – “fan boys”.
Coordinating Conjunction: and, but, or, so.
And- Connects 2 sentences with similar ideas. The sentences can be positive or negative.
She doesn’t like rock music, and he doesn’t like art.
But - Connects 2 sentences with contrasting or opposite ideas.
She likes country music, but he hates it.
Or- Connects 2 sentences that express alternatives or choices.
He doesn’t like art or classical music.
So - Connects a reason and a result.
He works a lot, so they don’t go out very often.
Complex Sentence
A complex sentence has one independent clause and one (or more) dependent clauses.
When the dependent clause begins with an adverb subordinator, the clauses can usually be in any order.
If the independent clause is first, we don’t use a comma
If the dependent clause is first, put a comma after it.
Ex:
We ran for shelter as soon as it started to rain.
As soon as it stated to rain, we ran for shelter.
Independent clause:
An independent clause has 1 SV pair and expresses a complete thought.
Independent clause is just another name for a simple sentence.
Dependent clause:
A dependent clause does not express a complete thought, so it is not a sentence by itself.
It is only half of a sentence.
Together, the two clauses express a complete thought.
It must be joined to an independent clause.
Task 6- Note and example of part of speech.
A sentence fragment is only part of a sentence that is set off
as if it were a complete sentence by an initial capital letter and
a final period or other end punctuation. However, unlike a
complete sentence, a sentence fragment lacks a subject, verb,
and/or complete verb, or it is a dependent clause not attached to
an independent clause.
I. Missing Subject Fragment
A sentence without a subject--
Example: Closed the door.
What to do: Add a subject
Correction: The girl closed the door.
*Note: If you are expressing a command, you do not need a subject. This is called
an imperative sentence.
Example: Don't leave the room!
(You is the silent subject.)
II. Missing Verb or Incomplete Verb Fragment
Missing Verb: A sentence without a finite verb--
Example: The assembly person in our district.
What to do: Find a finite verb
Correction: The assembly person in our district
works diligently.
Note: A finite verb is capable of making an assertion without the aid of a
helping verb; in addition, it changes form to show the difference in present,
past, and future time. Verbals such as working and to work do not change and are
not finite verbs.
Incomplete Verb: An -ing verb (present participle) in the
place of a finite verb without a helping
verb
Helping Verbs: To be: am, is, are, were, was
Example: The statue standing by the doorway.
What to do: Add a helping verb
Correction: The statue is standing by the doorway.
or
Incomplete Verb: A past participle (-d/-ed/-t/n) used in a
passive verb form without a helping verb.
Example: The statue located by the door.
What to do: Add a helping verb
Correction: The statue is located by the door.
Note: Since the statue cannot locate itself, the verb form must be passive,
indicating someone other than the subject of the sentence (the statue) placed it
by the door. Passive voice is formed by using the helping verb--to be--plus the
participle. Some verbs are irregular and take the-t-or-n-form.
Example: She caught by the authorities.
What to do: Add a helping verb
Correction: She was caught by the authorities.
*For more information on passive verb form see Active and Passive
Verb form handout.
III. Dependent Clause Fragment
A main or independent clause can stand alone as a sentence:
She believed that she would pass the test. A dependent or
subordinate clause is like a main clause in that it must have a
subject and a verb, but it cannot stand alone as a sentence because
it begins with a subordinating word such as if, when, because,
since, who, that, after, or before. Subordinating words express
particular relationships between the clauses they introduce and the
main clauses to which they are attached.
Example: After Maria bought the biology book.
What to do: Add an independent clause that finishes
the thought
Correction: After Maria bought the biology book, she
began studying for her exam.
*In this example, the subordinating conjunction, after, indicates a time
relationship between the two clauses.
There are two types of subordinating words: subordinating
conjunctions and relative pronouns.
Subordinating conjunctions always come at the
beginning of subordinate clauses.
Common Subordinating Conjunctions:
after, although, as, as if, as long as, as though, because,
before, even if, even though, if, if only, in order that, now
that, once, rather than, since, so that, than, that, though,
till, unless, until, when, whenever, where, whereas, wherever,
while
Example: If it doesn't rain tonight, we will go to
the park.
Relative pronouns link one clause with another;
however, they usually act as subjects or objects in their own
clauses and are not necessarily positioned at the beginning of
clauses.
Relative pronouns:
which, that, what, whatever, who (whose, whom), whoever
(whomever)
Example: My uncle who lives in my house is
getting married and moving out.
Adjective, Adverb, and Noun Clauses
All subordinate clauses function as adjectives, adverbs, and
nouns and are described as adjective, adverb, or noun clauses
according to their use in a particular sentence.
Adjective clauses modify nouns and pronouns, providing necessary or
helpful information about them. These clauses usually begin with
relative pronouns, but a few begin with when or where (standing for
in which, on which, or at which).
Example: Diana is the girl who always get to class
early. (modifies girl)
Example: There comes a time when each of us must
work. (modifies time)
Adverb clauses modify verbs, adjectives, other adverbs, and whole
groups of words. They usually tell how, why, when, where, under
what conditions, or with what result. They always begin with
subordinating conjunctions.
Example: Elaine is nicer when she is talking on the
phone. (modifies nicer)
Example: She responded as quickly as she could.
(modifies quickly)
Noun clauses function as subjects, objects, and complements in
sentences. They begin either with relative pronouns or with the
words when, where, whether, why, and how. Unlike adjective and
adverb clauses, noun clauses replace a word (a noun) within a main
clause; therefore, they can be difficult to identify.
Subject) Example: The lecture pleased the audience.
Example: What the lecturer said pleased the
audience. (The noun clause replaces
`The lecture' as the sentence subject.
Object) Example: Everyone knows what a panther is.
(object of knows)
Questions
If the word group begins with how, who, whom, whose, which,
where, when, what, or why introducing a question, it can stand
alone as a complete sentence.
Task7 -Favourite Story Book
the story book that i like is Alice's Adventures in Wonderland by Charles Lutwigde Dogson. Before i started my story, i liked to tell about the author's background. Charles Lutwidge Dogson or his pen name Lewis Carroll, born in January 27, 1832 in Daresbury, Chesire England. He wrote and create games as a child. At age 20 he received studentship Christ Church and appointed as lecturer in mathematics. Dogson was shy but he enjoyed creating stories fror children. His book including Alice's Adventures in Wonderland were published under the pen name Lewis Carroll. He died in 1898.
The synopsis of the story begin Alice dozing off as her sister reads to her, anticipating the strange and nonsensical events that occur throughout the book. As her sister reads, Alice nods off into a dream-like state in which she seems to catch sight of a fully dressed white rabbit capable of speaking English. Even before she enters Wonderland, she experiences phenomena that depart from the conventional rules of the real world. The plunge into the rabbit hole represents a plunge into deep sleep. Her dreams create a fully formed world that constantly shifts and transforms with its own unique logic. The slow fall imitates the shift from dozing off to deep sleep, beginning with Alice’s idle daydreaming and ending with her firmly placed in her dream world. Alice slowly acclimates to the dream world but does not let go of the established logic of the waking world. She marvels that after this fall, she would think nothing of falling off of the top of her house, much less down the stairs, even though the narrator reminds us that both falls would still likely kill her.
Alice runs away from the Victorian world of her sister because she feels unfulfilled, but she quickly discovers that Wonderland will not fulfill any of her desires. Wonderland thwarts her expectations at every turn. The Rabbit represents this motif of frustrated desire. His antics inspire Alice to follow him down the hole and into Wonderland, but he constantly stays one step ahead of her. Led on by curiosity, Alice follows the elusive rabbit even though she does not know what she will do once she catches him. She pursues him out of pure curiosity but believes that catching him will give her some new knowledge or satisfaction. Even when the outcome is unknown, the act of chasing implies that a desired goal exists.
Alice cannot enter the garden even though she wants to, and her desire to enter the garden represents the feelings of nostalgia that accompany growing up. Carroll dramatizes the frustrations that occur with growing older as Alice finds herself either too small or too large to fit through the passageway into the garden. After drinking the potion, Alice shrinks and cannot reach the key on the table. The helplessness that comes with her exaggeratedly small size represents the feelings of insignificance of childhood. The growth spurt caused by the cake in Chapter 2 represents the awkward bodily transformations that come with puberty. Alice’s growth allows her the means to fulfill her destiny but literally reminds her that she is growing away from the pleasures of childhood. The idealized garden is now off limits to Alice, who can no more fit through the passageway than an infant could travel back to the safety and security of the womb.
I like the story because there new film about this story and i read the story. The story and the film is almost the same and both have a very interesting story.
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